![]() Layer 0 in a Docker image is often the base operating system, which rarely change significantly although commercial Linux vendors often publish new base images to incorporate security fixes.Īpplication code, however, is highly likely to change during the software development cycle, as you iterate on features, refactor, and fix bugs. Layering dependencies on top of each other and only rebuilding them when something in the layer has changed. Now, pinning a specific major and minor version in your Dockerfile is a trade-off decision - you're choosing to not automatically receive security, fixes or performance improvements that come via new updates - but most DevSecOps teams prefer to employ security scanning and container management software as a way to control updates rather than dealing with the unpredictability that comes with container build failures in production CI/CD pipelines.ĭocker works on the concept of layer caching. This carries the same risks as using latest, as minor versions can change dependencies as well. Other tutorials I've seen pin only the major version. In Node.js, the user is just node and can be invoked in the Dockerfile explicitly. Thankfully, most major languages and frameworks have a predefined user for running applications. And with Docker, a new set of attack methods can arise. While not an issue for local development, your friendly neighbourhood SysAdmin will tell you the myriad of issues that come with running applications as root on a server in production. Since this example doesn't set a USER explicitly in the Dockerfile, Docker runs the build and all commands as the root user. Let's take a look at some of these in order of severity. ![]() While this will run no problem on your local machine, and is great for learning the ropes, this approach is almost certainly going to run into issues when you ship it to production. It uses the latest version of the official Node.js image, sets a directory and copies your app into the container image, installs dependencies, exposes port 3000, and runs the app via CMD. I'll explore each of these in a separate article using a simple "Hello World" Node.js example that can be found in a number of online tutorials.Įnter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Let's look at some of the common ways developers create production-ready container images today. Full disclosure: I work for Slim.AI, a company founded on the DockerSlim open source project. There are many ways to slim a container, from basic security to fully automated open-source tools like DockerSlim. Slimming your container is also a great way to implement container best practices without re-engineering your entire workflow. Slimming refers to both optimising and minifying your Docker containers, reducing them in size by up to 80-percent while also making them more secure by decreasing the attack surface. I also introduce the concept of "slimming" a container. In this series, I introduce some basic concepts for making production ready containers. All set, right? But what do you need to know if you're going to move that app to a production environment on the public Internet? What if you're using it for your job and need to pass security scans and DevOps checks? You've heard a lot about Docker and completed a few online tutorials to containerise your app. So you've coded an awesome app and you are ready to deploy it to the cloud.
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